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Filtration Units as the Core of Extraction Technology
The filtration unit is responsible for capturing the collected pollutants and must simultaneously maintain the necessary airflow rate despite the pressure loss that occurs in the system. Effective capture at the source alone is therefore not sufficient if the filter, fan, and ductwork are not properly coordinated.
When making a selection, the type and quantity of the contaminant, operating duration, required flow rate, filter principle, and cleaning and disposal of the collected material must be taken into account.
Typical Applications
✔ Welding fume extraction
✔ Grinding and machining dust
✔ Machine and Process Exhaust Systems
✔ Connection of multiple point extraction stations
✔ Extraction tables and extraction walls
✔ Decentralized and centralized extraction systems
Key Selection Criteria
The required airflow is determined by the connected capture elements and the number of extraction points operating simultaneously. Added to this is the pressure drop caused by hoods, hoses, piping, and filters. The fan must be capable of overcoming this total pressure drop at the desired operating point.
Filtration Principle and Dust Type
The appropriate filtration principle depends on particle size, dust volume, humidity, temperature, and other material properties. Fine, dry dusts have different requirements than sticky, fibrous, or hot particles. Subsequent cleaning and disposal must also be taken into account when making a selection.
Cleaning and Maintenance
As the filter becomes clogged, filter resistance increases. Depending on the system, cleaning is performed manually, automatically, or by replacing the filter element. Adequate access for maintenance and easy disposal reduce downtime.
Comparison of Key Design Parameters
| Criterion | Meaning | Please note | Consequences of Incorrect Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| flow rate | Transport of contaminated air | Active extraction points | Insufficient capture performance |
| Pressure loss | System resistance | Filters, Hoses, and Elbows | Fan does not reach setpoint |
| Filter area | Contamination of the filter medium | Dust volume and runtime | Short service life and high resistance |
On smaller screens, the table can be scrolled horizontally.
Pre-separator
In environments with high dust levels or coarse particles, a pre-separator can reduce the load on the main filter stage. This helps extend service life and reduce maintenance intervals.
Control and Demand-Based Operation
For systems with multiple extraction points, demand-based control can save energy. If only active workstations are being extracted, the maximum total airflow does not need to be provided continuously.
Common Planning Mistakes
✔ Selected only based on maximum flow rate
✔ Pressure loss in the piping system not taken into account
✔ Dust type and filter medium not matched
✔ Cleaning and disposal not included
✔ Insufficient reserve capacity for increasing filter loading
FAQ
How do you properly size a filtration unit?
Regarding required flow rate, total pressure drop, type of contaminant, dust exposure, and operating time.
Is higher air flow always better?
No. Excessively high flow rates increase energy consumption, noise, and stress on the equipment. The technically required operating point is crucial.
When is a pre-separator useful?
For coarse particles, high dust levels, or when the main filter stage needs to be specifically relieved.
Can a filtration unit serve multiple workstations?
Yes. The piping system, control system, and fan must then be designed to handle the extraction points that are in operation simultaneously.
Designing the Right Filtration Unit
To ensure a reliable selection, information regarding the process, contaminant, number of extraction points, required flow rate, and existing piping layout is particularly helpful.
